Experience of ambulance drivers on transfer of suspected or confirmed patients for COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To unveil the experience of ambulance drivers regarding the transfer of suspected or confirmed patients for COVID-19. METHOD: Exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted in October 2021 with 18 drivers from the Northwestern Mesoregion of the State of Ceará-Brazil. The individual interviews occurred virtually, via Google Meet®, and for data processing the IRAMUTEQ® software was used. RESULTS: Six classes were obtained: Feelings experienced during transfers; Concern about contamination of the work team and family members; Therapeutic itinerary, patients' clinical status and increase in the number of transfers; Disinfection of ambulances between transfers of patients with suspected and/or diagnosed COVID-19; Gowning for patient transfers and Psychospiritual aspects of drivers during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The experience was marked by challenges in adapting to the new routine and procedures during transfers. It was evidenced feelings of fear, insecurity, tension and anguish in the worker's reports.

Use of the prone position in pregnant women with COVID-19 or other health conditions.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze, in the scientific literature, the knowledge available on the use of the prone position in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 or other health conditions. METHOD: an integrative literature review developed through the following guiding question: What is the scientific knowledge available on the use of the prone position in pregnant women with COVID-19 or other health conditions? The search for studies was carried out in eight databases. RESULTS: using the prone position in pregnant women with Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome allowed for improvements in lung compliance and oxygenation. It also allowed reducing uterine compression on the maternal large vessels, and a reduction in blood pressure was observed in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. The prone position was also safe in the surgical management of pregnant patients. In addition, the following conditions stood out as disadvantages related to the prone position in pregnant women: possibility of aortocaval compression, causing severe hypotension, and inability to easily monitor fetal status or to perform emergency Cesarean sections. CONCLUSION: the prone position was considered safe, reliable and comfortable for its use in the clinical management of pregnant women, where specific care measures must be taken to avoid compression of gravid abdomen, as well as fetal monitoring is important to detect placental circulation impairment.

Use of the prone position in pregnant women with COVID-19 or other health conditions Uso de la posición prona en gestantes con COVID-19 u otras condiciones de salud Utilização da posição prona em gestantes com COVID-19 ou outras condições de saúde

Objective: to analyze, in the scientific literature, the knowledge available on the use of the prone position in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 or other health conditions. Method: an integrative literature review developed through the following guiding question: What is the scientific knowledge available on the use of the prone position in pregnant women with COVID-19 or other health conditions? The search for studies was carried out in eight databases. Results: using the prone position in pregnant women with Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome allowed for improvements in lung compliance and oxygenation. It also allowed reducing uterine compression on the maternal large vessels, and a reduction in blood pressure was observed in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. The prone position was also safe in the surgical management of pregnant patients. In addition, the following conditions stood out as disadvantages related to the prone position in pregnant women: possibility of aortocaval compression, causing severe hypotension, and inability to easily monitor fetal status or to perform emergency Cesarean sections. Conclusion: the prone position was considered safe, reliable and comfortable for its use in the clinical management of pregnant women, where specific care measures must be taken to avoid compression of gravid abdomen, as well as fetal monitoring is important to detect placental circulation impairment.

COVID-19: comments on official social network of the Ministry of Health about action Brazil Count on Me.

OBJECTIVE: To unveil the content of comments in official posts calling from the Ministry of Helth, calling for health professionals to confront COVID-19. METHOD: Qualitative study, carried out with 2823 comments, obtained from the virtual access to the Ministry of Health's social networks on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. For textual corpus processing, used or software Interface R analyzes Multidimensional Texts and Questionnaires and performs a multivariate analysis by Descending Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS: Five categories were included: "difficulties in the training stages", "aspects involved in the summons", "working conditions without facing the pandemic", "mandatory capacity x possible summons", "visibility and valorization of dentistry in combating the pandemic" COVID-19". CONCLUSION: Comments contemplated professionals or access to training, remuneration and working conditions, mandatory training, possibility of calling for action on the front line without fighting COVID-19 and claiming greater appreciation of dentistry.

Estudos experimentais sobre COVID-19: panorama da produção científica mundial

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o panorama mundial da produção de estudos experimentais relacionados à COVID-19. Métodos Estudo descritivo, realizado em abril de 2020, a partir de busca pelos registros de ensaios clínicos, nos portais Clinical Trials e Registros Brasileiros de Ensaios Clínicos. A análise estatística foi descritiva. Resultados Dos 645 ensaios clínicos da amostra, houve predominância de 199 (30,9%) oriundos da Europa, 213 (33%) realizados por instituições hospitalares, 482 (74,7%) com objetivo direcionado ao tratamento. Quanto às intervenções pesquisadas, 394 (61,1%) foram sobre medicamentos;70 (10,8%) investigaram intervenções biológicas;45 (7,0%), intervenções com sangue e derivados;40 (6,2%), intervenções comportamentais;38 (5,9%), intervenções com equipamentos;31(4,8%), intervenções assistenciais/procedimentais;18 (2,8%), intervenções para diagnóstico e nove (1,4%), intervenções de suplementação dietética. Observou-se que, em 515 (79,8%) a população estudada foi composta por adultos e idosos, 635 (98,4%) investigaram ambos os sexos, o delineamento de 480 (74,4%) incluiu randomização, de 482 (74,7%) alocação paralela dos participantes e 373 (57,8%) não possuíu o cegamento. Conclusão Os estudos experimentais sobre a COVID-19 foram oriundos da Europa, realizados por hospitais, sobre o tratamento em adultos e idosos, com randomização, mas sem cegamento. Os achados podem direcionar a realização de estudos, para contemplarem as lacunas identificadas. Resumen Objetivo Describir el panorama mundial de la producción de estudios experimentales relacionados con la COVID-19. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, realizado en abril de 2020, a partir de la búsqueda de registros de ensayos clínicos en los portales Clinical Trials y Registros Brasileiros de Ensaios Clínicos. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Resultados De los 645 ensayos clínicos de la muestra, hubo predominancia de 199 (30,9 %) oriundos de Europa, 213 (33 %) realizados por instituciones hospitalarias, 482 (74,7 %) con objetivo orientado al tratamiento. Respecto a las intervenciones investigadas, 394 (61,1 %) fueron sobre medicamentos;70 (10,8 %) investigaron intervenciones biológicas;45 (7,0 %), intervenciones con sangre y derivados;40 (6,2 %), intervenciones de comportamiento;38 (5,9 %), intervenciones con equipos;31 (4,8 %), intervenciones asistenciales/procedimentales;18 (2,8 %), intervenciones para diagnóstico, y 9 (1,4 %), intervenciones de suplementos dietéticos. Se observó que en 515 ensayos (79,8 %) la población estudiada fue compuesta por adultos y ancianos, en 635 (98,4 %) se investigaron ambos sexos, el diseño de 480 (74,4 %) incluyó aleatorización, de 482 (74,7 %) asignación paralela de los participantes y 373 (57,8 %) no poseían cegamiento. Conclusión Los estudios experimentales sobre la COVID-19 fueron oriundos de Europa, realizados por hospitales, sobre el tratamiento en adultos y ancianos, con aleatorización, pero sin cegamiento. Los resultados pueden orientar la realización de estudios que contemplen los vacíos identificados. Objective To describe the world panorama of the production of experimental studies on COVID-19. Methods Descriptive study conducted in April 2020, based on a search for clinical trial records on the Clinical Trials and Brazilian Clinical Trials Records portals. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Results Of the 645 clinical trials in the sample, there was a predominance of 199 (30.9%) from Europe, 213 (33%) performed by hospital institutions, 482 (74.7%) with the objective aimed at the treatment. As for interventions surveyed, 394 (61.1%) were on drugs;70 (10.8%) investigated biological interventions;45 (7.0%) interventions with blood and blood products;40 (6.2%), behavioral interventions;38 (5.9%), interventions with equipment;31 (4.8%), care/procedural interventions;18 (2.8%), diagnostic interventions and nine (1.4%) dietary supplementation interventions. The studied population was composed of adult and elderly subjects in 515 (79.8%) studies, 635 (98.4%) investigated both sexes, the design of 480 (74.4%) included randomization, of 482 (74.7%) parallel allocation of participants and 373 (57.8%) did not have blinding. Conclusion The experimental studies on COVID-19 originated from Europe, were conducted by hospitals, on treatment in adult and elderly subjects, with randomization but without blinding. The findings may direct the performance of studies addressing the identified gaps.

Experimental studies on COVID-19: overview of the world scientific production

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o panorama mundial da produção de estudos experimentais relacionados à COVID-19. Métodos Estudo descritivo, realizado em abril de 2020, a partir de busca pelos registros de ensaios clínicos, nos portais Clinical Trials e Registros Brasileiros de Ensaios Clínicos. A análise estatística foi descritiva. Resultados Dos 645 ensaios clínicos da amostra, houve predominância de 199 (30,9%) oriundos da Europa, 213 (33%) realizados por instituições hospitalares, 482 (74,7%) com objetivo direcionado ao tratamento. Quanto às intervenções pesquisadas, 394 (61,1%) foram sobre medicamentos;70 (10,8%) investigaram intervenções biológicas;45 (7,0%), intervenções com sangue e derivados;40 (6,2%), intervenções comportamentais;38 (5,9%), intervenções com equipamentos;31(4,8%), intervenções assistenciais/procedimentais;18 (2,8%), intervenções para diagnóstico e nove (1,4%), intervenções de suplementação dietética. Observou-se que, em 515 (79,8%) a população estudada foi composta por adultos e idosos, 635 (98,4%) investigaram ambos os sexos, o delineamento de 480 (74,4%) incluiu randomização, de 482 (74,7%) alocação paralela dos participantes e 373 (57,8%) não possuíu o cegamento. Conclusão Os estudos experimentais sobre a COVID-19 foram oriundos da Europa, realizados por hospitais, sobre o tratamento em adultos e idosos, com randomização, mas sem cegamento. Os achados podem direcionar a realização de estudos, para contemplarem as lacunas identificadas. Resumen Objetivo Describir el panorama mundial de la producción de estudios experimentales relacionados con la COVID-19. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, realizado en abril de 2020, a partir de la búsqueda de registros de ensayos clínicos en los portales Clinical Trials y Registros Brasileiros de Ensaios Clínicos. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Resultados De los 645 ensayos clínicos de la muestra, hubo predominancia de 199 (30,9 %) oriundos de Europa, 213 (33 %) realizados por instituciones hospitalarias, 482 (74,7 %) con objetivo orientado al tratamiento. Respecto a las intervenciones investigadas, 394 (61,1 %) fueron sobre medicamentos;70 (10,8 %) investigaron intervenciones biológicas;45 (7,0 %), intervenciones con sangre y derivados;40 (6,2 %), intervenciones de comportamiento;38 (5,9 %), intervenciones con equipos;31 (4,8 %), intervenciones asistenciales/procedimentales;18 (2,8 %), intervenciones para diagnóstico, y 9 (1,4 %), intervenciones de suplementos dietéticos. Se observó que en 515 ensayos (79,8 %) la población estudiada fue compuesta por adultos y ancianos, en 635 (98,4 %) se investigaron ambos sexos, el diseño de 480 (74,4 %) incluyó aleatorización, de 482 (74,7 %) asignación paralela de los participantes y 373 (57,8 %) no poseían cegamiento. Conclusión Los estudios experimentales sobre la COVID-19 fueron oriundos de Europa, realizados por hospitales, sobre el tratamiento en adultos y ancianos, con aleatorización, pero sin cegamiento. Los resultados pueden orientar la realización de estudios que contemplen los vacíos identificados. Objective To describe the world panorama of the production of experimental studies on COVID-19. Methods Descriptive study conducted in April 2020, based on a search for clinical trial records on the Clinical Trials and Brazilian Clinical Trials Records portals. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Results Of the 645 clinical trials in the sample, there was a predominance of 199 (30.9%) from Europe, 213 (33%) performed by hospital institutions, 482 (74.7%) with the objective aimed at the treatment. As for interventions surveyed, 394 (61.1%) were on drugs;70 (10.8%) investigated biological interventions;45 (7.0%) interventions with blood and blood products;40 (6.2%), behavioral interventions;38 (5.9%), interventions with equipment;31 (4.8%), care/procedural interventions;18 (2.8%), diagnostic interventions and nine (1.4%) dietary supplementation interventions. The studied population was composed of adult and elderly subjects in 515 (79.8%) studies, 635 (98.4%) investigated both sexes, the design of 480 (74.4%) included randomization, of 482 (74.7%) parallel allocation of participants and 373 (57.8%) did not have blinding. Conclusion The experimental studies on COVID-19 originated from Europe, were conducted by hospitals, on treatment in adult and elderly subjects, with randomization but without blinding. The findings may direct the performance of studies addressing the identified gaps.

Cloth face masks to prevent Covid-19 and other respiratory infections

Objective to analyze scientific evidence on the efficacy of cloth masks in preventing COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. Method integrative literature review based on the following guiding question: What is the efficacy of cloth face masks in absorbing particles that cause respiratory infection? The search was conducted in eight electronic databases, without any restriction in terms of language or period. Results low coverage cloth face masks made of 100% cotton, scarf, pillowcase, antimicrobial pillowcase, silk, linen, tea towel, or vacuum bag, present marginal/reasonable protection against particles while high coverage cloth masks provide high protection. Conclusion cloth face masks are a preventive measure with moderate efficacy in preventing the dissemination of respiratory infections caused by particles with the same size or smaller than those of SARS-CoV-2. The type of fabric used, number of layers and frequency of washings influence the efficacy of the barrier against droplets. Objetivo analizar las evidencias científicas sobre la eficacia de las máscaras de tejido para la prevención de COVID-19 y otras infecciones respiratorias. Método revisión integradora de la literatura a partir de la pregunta orientadora: ¿qué eficacia tienen las máscaras de tejido en la absorción de partículas que causan infección respiratoria? La búsqueda fue llevada a cabo en ocho bases de datos electrónicas, sin restricciones de tiempo e idioma. Resultados las máscaras de tejido de baja cobertura, 100% algodón, bufanda, funda, funda antimicrobiana, lino, seda, toalla de té y bolsa de aspiradora demuestran una protección marginal/razonable en la absorción de partículas, mientras que las máscaras de tejido de alta cobertura tienen una protección elevada. Conclusión las máscaras de tejido representan una medida preventiva de eficacia moderada en la propagación de infecciones respiratorias causadas por partículas de tamaño igual o menor al SARS-CoV-2. La eficacia de la barrera contra las gotitas se ve influida principalmente por el tipo de tejido, la cantidad de capas y la frecuencia de lavado. Objetivo analisar as evidências científicas sobre a eficácia de máscaras de tecido para a prevenção da COVID-19 e outras infecções respiratórias. Método revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da questão norteadora: "Qual a eficácia das máscaras de tecido na absorção de partículas causadoras de infecção respiratória?". A busca ocorreu em oito bases de dados eletrônicas sem restrição de tempo e idioma. Resultados as máscaras de tecido de baixa cobertura, 100% algodão, cachecol, fronha, fronha antimicrobiana, linho, seda, toalha de chá e saco de aspirador apresentam proteção marginal/razoável na absorção de partículas, enquanto as máscaras de tecido com alta cobertura têm elevada proteção. Conclusão as máscaras de tecido representam medida preventiva com eficácia moderada na disseminação de infecções respiratórias ocasionadas por partículas de tamanho igual e/ou menor ao SARS-CoV-2. A eficácia da barreira contra as gotículas é influenciada, principalmente, pelo tipo de tecido, quantidade de camadas e frequência de lavagens.

Clinical and histopathological findings of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 patients.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became pandemic since this is a disease with a high infection rate. The study's object is to identify clinical and histopathological findings of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 patients. The evidence was analyzed in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus, with the search strategy (covid 19 OR covid-19 OR corona OR coronavirus OR sars-cov-2) AND (cutaneous or cutaneous manifestations OR), and 17 studies were included, involving 351 cases with COVID19 and skin manifestations. The lesions were classified mainly as maculopapular, erythematous, vesicular, and urticarial. Histopathological analyses suggest a predominance of spongiosis, perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes, and thrombogenic vasculopathy.

Cloth face masks to prevent Covid-19 and other respiratory infections.

Objective to analyze scientific evidence on the efficacy of cloth masks in preventing COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. Method integrative literature review based on the following guiding question: What is the efficacy of cloth face masks in absorbing particles that cause respiratory infection? The search was conducted in eight electronic databases, without any restriction in terms of language or period. Results low coverage cloth face masks made of 100% cotton, scarf, pillowcase, antimicrobial pillowcase, silk, linen, tea towel, or vacuum bag, present marginal/reasonable protection against particles while high coverage cloth masks provide high protection. Conclusion cloth face masks are a preventive measure with moderate efficacy in preventing the dissemination of respiratory infections caused by particles with the same size or smaller than those of SARS-CoV-2. The type of fabric used, number of layers and frequency of washings influence the efficacy of the barrier against droplets.

Experimental studies on COVID-19: overview of the world scientific production Estudios experimentales sobre COVID-19: panorama de la producción científica mundial

Abstract Objective To describe the world panorama of the production of experimental studies on COVID-19. Methods Descriptive study conducted in April 2020, based on a search for clinical trial records on the Clinical Trials and Brazilian Clinical Trials Records portals. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Results Of the 645 clinical trials in the sample, there was a predominance of 199 (30.9%) from Europe, 213 (33%) performed by hospital institutions, 482 (74.7%) with the objective aimed at the treatment. As for interventions surveyed, 394 (61.1%) were on drugs;70 (10.8%) investigated biological interventions;45 (7.0%) interventions with blood and blood products;40 (6.2%), behavioral interventions;38 (5.9%), interventions with equipment;31 (4.8%), care/procedural interventions;18 (2.8%), diagnostic interventions and nine (1.4%) dietary supplementation interventions. The studied population was composed of adult and elderly subjects in 515 (79.8%) studies, 635 (98.4%) investigated both sexes, the design of 480 (74.4%) included randomization, of 482 (74.7%) parallel allocation of participants and 373 (57.8%) did not have blinding. Conclusion The experimental studies on COVID-19 originated from Europe, were conducted by hospitals, on treatment in adult and elderly subjects, with randomization but without blinding. The findings may direct the performance of studies addressing the identified gaps.

Information about COVID-19 for deaf people: an analysis of Youtube videos in Brazilian sign language.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze YouTube videos with information about COVID-19 in Brazilian sign language. METHODS: a cross-sectional study conducted with 402 videos from the YouTube sharing platform. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney and Spearman's correlation tests were used. RESULTS: the videos mainly covered COVID-19 prevention (20.6%). There was a positive correlation between video length and number of views (p<0.001). The length of more than 20 minutes was associated with narration only in BSL (p=0.37) and in BSL with audio (p<0.001), while videos with less than 20 minutes were associated with simultaneous narration in BSL, audio and subtitles. Those with narration only in BSL had a similar number of views to those narrated with subtitles and/or audio (p=0.998). CONCLUSION: the videos were mostly short and included COVID-19 prevention. The longer the video, the greater the number of views. Regardless the presentation of narrations, the videos had a similar number of views.

Práticas seguras no manejo de vias aéreas de pacientes com Covid-19: revisão integrativa

Introduçao: A pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 no inicio de 2020 alterou práticas dos profissionais de saúde com a finalidade em atenuar os riscos de contaminaçâo dos trabalhadores da linha de frente de assistencia a saúde, principalmente, atividades relacionadas ao manejo de vias aéreas de pacientes com Covid-19. Objetivo: identificar as práticas necessárias para garantir a segurança dos profissionais de saúde no manejo de vias aéreas de pacientes suspeitos ou diagnosticados com Covid-19. Materiais e métodos: revisâo integrativa realizada em dez bases de dados relevantes na área da saúde, sendo a amostra composta por 17 pesquisas. As práticas identificadas foram elencadas conforme os quatro procedimentos pontuados pela literatura: intubaçâo endotraqueal, extubaçâo, broncoscopia e traqueostomia. Resultados: as principais recomendaçöes mencionadas foram: intubaçâo endotraqueal: realizada por equipe experiente, treinada, mínima e profissionais de grupos de risco para Covid-19 nâo devem fazer parte desta equipe;extubaçâo: nâo utilizar cateter nasal de alto fluxo após o procedimento;broncoscopia: realizar em sala isolada e com pressâo negativa;traqueostomia: poderá ser considerada precocemente, mas o risco-beneficio deve ser avaliado. Conclusäo: as práticas identificadas poderâo direcionar o gerenciamento de vias aéreas e nortear a construçâo de tecnologías assistenciais, educacionais ou gerenciais.Alternate :Introduction:The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020 changed the practices of health professionals in order to mitigate the risks of contamination of health care frontline workers, mainly activities related to the management of the airways of patients with Covid-19. Objective: to identify the practices necessary to ensure the safety of health professionals in managing the airway of patients suspected or diagnosed with Covid-19. Materials and methods: an integrative review carried out in ten relevant databases in the health area, with the sample consisting of 17 surveys. The practices identified were listed according to the four procedures punctuated by the literature: endotracheal intubation, extubation, bronchoscopy and tracheostomy. Results: the main recommendations mentioned were: endotracheal intubation: performed by an experienced, trained, minimal team and professionals from risk groups for covid-19 should not be part of this team;extubation: do not use a high flow nasal catheter after the procedure;bronchoscopy: perform in an isolated room with negative pressure;tracheostomy: may be considered early, but the risk-benefit must be assessed. Conclusion: the practices identified may direct the management of airways and guide the construction of assistive, educational or managerial technologies.Alternate :Introducción: La pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 a principios de 2020 cambió las prácticas de los profesionales de la salud con el fin de mitigar los riesgos de contaminación de los trabajadores de primera línea de atención médica, principalmente actividades relacionadas con el manejo de las vías respiratorias de pacientes con Covid-19. Objetivo: identificar las prácticas necesarias para garantizar la seguridad de los profesionales de la salud en el manejo de la vía aérea de pacientes sospechosos o diagnosticados con Covid-19. Materiales y métodos: una revisión integradora realizada en diez bases de datos relevantes en el área de la salud, la muestra consiste en 17 encuestas. Las prácticas identificadas se enumeraron de acuerdo con los cuatro procedimientos puntuados por la literatura: intubación endotraqueal, extubación, broncoscopia y traqueotomía. Resultados: las principales recomendaciones mencionadas fueron: intubación endotraqueal: realizada por un equipo experimentado, capacitado, mínimo y profesionales de grupos de riesgo para Covid-19 no deberían formar parte de este equipo;extubación: no use un catéter nasal de alto flujo después del procedimiento;broncoscopia: realizar en una habi ación aislada con presión negativa;traqueotomía: puede considerarse temprano, pero se debe evaluar el riesgo-beneficio. Conclusión: las prácticas identificadas pueden dirigir la gestión de las vías aéreas y guiar la construcción de tecnologías de asistencia, educación o gestión.